Pengertian dasar dan sejarah perkembangan vulkanologi, vulkanisme dan magmatisme, vulkanisitas dan tektonik, kenampakan gejala vulkanisme di permukaan, penyebaran gunungapi di dunia, bangun tubuh gunungapi, mekanisme dan tipe erupsi, produk erupsi, vulkanisme di Indonesia, arti ekonomi dan bahaya aktivitas volkanisme.
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- McPhie, Doyle, J. M., and Allen. 1993, Volcanic Texture : A guide to the interpretation of textures in volcanic rocks, Centre for Ore Deposit and Exp loration Studies, University of Tasmania.
- O’Meara, D., 2008, Volcano, a visual guide, Firely Books Inc., New York.
- Payson, D.S., and Grayson, D.K., 1979, Volcanic Activity and Human Ecology, Academic Press, New York.